In this compelling episode of Mind Movers, Rhona Eskander sits down with Dr Philippa Kaye, a GP, author, and menopause expert who’s become a powerful voice in medical communication.
Their honest conversation traverses the landscape of women’s health, from medical misogyny to the science of menopause.
Dr Kaye shares her personal cancer journey with raw vulnerability, offering profound insights on resilience and self-discovery.
The discussion challenges societal stigmas and highlights how historical biases continue to shape women’s healthcare experiences today.
In This Episode
00:01:40 – Early life and medical career
00:03:35 – The power of medical communication
00:06:35 – Comparing dentistry and medicine as career paths
00:12:40 – Medical misogyny and gender health gap
00:21:05 – The origin of “hysteria” and medical sexism
00:24:20 – Mind-body connection in medicine
00:29:05 – Psychedelic medicine research
00:33:55 – Personal cancer journey
00:43:15 – Cancer rates and prevention
00:47:40 – The pursuit of happiness vs. suffering for goals
00:49:45 – Weight loss medications in society
00:55:50 – Body image and societal standards
01:05:25 – Menopause science and education
01:09:10 – Factors affecting menopause timing
About Dr Philippa Kaye
Dr Philippa Kaye is a practising GP, author, and prominent medical communicator who specialises in women’s health and menopause education. With her background from Cambridge and King’s College London, she divides her time between clinical practice and media work, where she translates complex medical information into accessible language for millions through television appearances and books including “The Science of Menopause.”
[VOICE]: This [00:00:05] is mind movers [00:00:10] moving the conversation forward on mental health and [00:00:15] optimisation for dental professionals. Your hosts Rhona [00:00:20] Eskander and Payman Langroudi.
Rhona Eskander: Hello [00:00:25] everyone! Welcome to another episode of Mind Movers where we’re joined by Doctor Filippa [00:00:30] K who is a GP, author and menopause expert. She has [00:00:35] been an incredible force within the medical community, and I just want to say, [00:00:40] I actually met her when I got asked to be on the Piers Morgan Show and I was like, oh, she’s [00:00:45] just incredible. You know, I was being ripped apart by Piers Morgan, but not not by Piers Morgan. Who [00:00:50] was it then? Jeremy, Kyle and Phillipa was amazing. And what I [00:00:55] have found extremely interesting recently is that Phillipa has released a book specifically [00:01:00] on menopause. I have reached out to her as well regarding my own questions with [00:01:05] PMDD, mental health, fertility, and so forth. From [00:01:10] mood swings to brain fog, Doctor Philippa has unpacks the physiological and psychological changes [00:01:15] that women face during menopause, and how society’s silence around the topic can [00:01:20] leave women feeling extremely overwhelmed and isolated. So [00:01:25] today we’re going to explore the strategies to support mental health, challenge the stigma, and empower [00:01:30] women to take charge of their health during this transformative time. So welcome [00:01:35] Philippa.
Philippa Kaye: Seems like quite a challenge in a podcast, but let’s go.
Rhona Eskander: Yes, I [00:01:40] love that so much. You know what, Philippa? I like people to really meet the person [00:01:45] in front of me first and foremost. So I want to know a little bit about you. [00:01:50] Where did you grow up? Where did you go to university and why did you choose to become [00:01:55] a doctor?
Philippa Kaye: So I’m a cliché. I grew up in north west London. I went to medical [00:02:00] school in Cambridge and then in King’s College London. Um, but there is one question [00:02:05] at medical school interviews that you’re not supposed to answer, which is, well, you’re supposed to answer [00:02:10] it, but not the way that you want to. And the question is, why do you want to be a doctor? And what everybody wants [00:02:15] to say is, because I want to help people. And for some reason, that’s not supposed to be what [00:02:20] the answer is. I think that’s a really good answer, like a really good reason. But apparently [00:02:25] that’s not supposed to be what you say, but I did. I always wanted to be a doctor. I always wanted to help people. [00:02:30] There was a very brief moment in time, apparently in nursery, where I thought I was going to be a ballerina, but by [00:02:35] the time I was 4 or 5, I was set. And media medicine [00:02:40] is a little branch out of that. But in my average day I might [00:02:45] see 30 patients, I might have 60 patient contacts, but I [00:02:50] can reach thousands and tens of thousands and sometimes millions of people [00:02:55] on a show on ITV or on Sky news or wherever it might [00:03:00] be. And I think that there is a really important role to that [00:03:05] part of medicine, because there is no point in us writing articles [00:03:10] in a medical journal like The Lancet got to go where the people are, and sometimes [00:03:15] the people are reading the newspaper and sometimes they’re watching this morning. And actually [00:03:20] everybody needs that health information in a really understandable way. [00:03:25] And so that’s what we do. And inherently I think I’m really nosy. [00:03:30] And as a GP, I get to be really nosy and actually go inside people’s houses [00:03:35] and be nosy. And that are the two bits that I think make a good doctor to be nosy [00:03:40] about you and want to know you and who you are and what makes you you. Because that feeds into [00:03:45] everything that happens to your body. And being able to communicate [00:03:50] with you and translate the medicalese into English.
Rhona Eskander: Did you? So obviously you wanted [00:03:55] to be a doctor since you were young? I mean, that would stay the same with me in dentistry. Did you find [00:04:00] medical school enjoyable, challenging or both?
Philippa Kaye: So I am the only medic [00:04:05] in my family. Um. And I remember really clearly some people being like, well, [00:04:10] you’ve got no clue what you’re getting into. And other people being like, well, you must really want to do it. Um, [00:04:15] I loved school. I’m sorry. I know so many people hate it, I [00:04:20] loved it, and I loved medical school. And I still sometimes say all doctors [00:04:25] and dentists, I’m sure, have to do continual professional development. We have to keep learning because medicine didn’t [00:04:30] stay still when I qualified in 2004. Um, and I go to [00:04:35] these lectures and I think, God, the body’s fascinating, like, wow. And [00:04:40] I still get that sort of light up moment where [00:04:45] I think this is really interesting. This is where I want to be. And I really appreciate how lucky I [00:04:50] am to have that vocation. And I see so many people struggle, And I think that to [00:04:55] have a vocation is a really special thing, and then we get to use [00:05:00] that. Um, and so in some ways, and again, cliche sounds [00:05:05] really boring, but when your work is your passion, it’s okay.
Rhona Eskander: Totally. [00:05:10] So the funny thing is, is that I was I’m opposite to you. Everyone in my family [00:05:15] is pretty much doctor or dentist on my dad’s side. Typical kind of immigrant generation stuff. [00:05:20] Um, but I didn’t want to be a doctor. And one of the big reasons for me is because. And [00:05:25] now with my diagnosis of A.D.D., it kind of makes sense. It was all a bit too broad for me. So [00:05:30] I went to not broad, broad broad, right. So when I went to, I did this thing I cannot remember [00:05:35] what it’s called. I was trying to tell someone what Nottingham University did it before you apply to do [00:05:40] medicine and you do this kind of weekend where you’re a pretend doctor and they wake you up at like 2 a.m. [00:05:45] and you don’t know when it’s going to happen. And you rush to this like fake A&E. And, you know, it’s all very dramatic. [00:05:50] And I remember also, you know, sitting, pretending to be a doctor, and then a patient [00:05:55] comes in with all these symptoms and you’re meant to semi diagnose. And I found the whole thing quite overwhelming [00:06:00] because it was so broad. And as you know, with A.D.D., we you know, when you find something you really [00:06:05] like, you tend to want to hone in on it.
Rhona Eskander: And although. Yeah, exactly. And I feel like dentistry gives you the opportunity [00:06:10] to hyperfocus much early on because you are just dealing with the mouth. Although elements [00:06:15] of the training deal with medicine and you’ve got that part of it. I think the honing in on the teeth, the gums, [00:06:20] the mouth, etc., and using your hands almost immediately in second year really [00:06:25] helped me. I hated dental school, and the reason why I hated dental school was [00:06:30] because I didn’t really get on with the dentist, if I’m honest with you, I’m a natural creative. [00:06:35] So I did for English and Philosophy, chemistry and biology, and [00:06:40] I was my teachers were like, she needs to go to Oxbridge and do PPE. And [00:06:45] then I was like, oh, but I want to be a dentist. So there was this kind of dichotomy that was going on within [00:06:50] me that was like, where do I go? And I found myself naturally gravitating towards [00:06:55] the people in the arts, you know, the people that did English, the people that did politics, etc.. Um, [00:07:00] so that’s what I think that I found challenging. And the studying I did [00:07:05] find challenging.
Philippa Kaye: So I think, um, that I find it really [00:07:10] fascinating that dentists do the beginning of medical school. Yeah, I know how many teeth [00:07:15] there are. There are. That’s about it. Right? So they do like [00:07:20] two years worth of medical school and we know how to count teeth. Yeah. That’s [00:07:25] it. So it seems amazing to me that you have all of this knowledge and then in one area [00:07:30] and, and I think that when a patient walks in the door in general [00:07:35] practice, you have the whole of medicine open in your head. Right? And then they ask you, they sit [00:07:40] down, how can I help you today? And in fact, you’re not even supposed to say that. You’re supposed to just have the silence [00:07:45] and let them bring something in, and then you sort of have to turn in your head to the chapter on orthopaedics [00:07:50] or gynaecology or whatever it may be. And as you ask the questions, you’re getting narrower and narrower [00:07:55] and narrower. And but when you do your medical school training and you do a bit of this and a bit [00:08:00] of that, I went around and I thought I could see myself in this job, and I could see myself [00:08:05] in this job, and the only job I couldn’t see myself in was actually orthopaedics. I don’t want to stand [00:08:10] and hold a leg all day, and and general practice gives me the opportunity to [00:08:15] do all of those things. And you can make your job what you want it to be. So for example, [00:08:20] fitting coils or implants or something that’s a little bit more practical. But [00:08:25] for some people they do have that opportunity to say, I want to do microbiology, [00:08:30] but microbiology and only a viruses and only of this kind of viruses, and they can drill down [00:08:35] and but I think I’d get bored.
Rhona Eskander: So do [00:08:40] you think that’s why you were drawn to general practice as a GP? Because it [00:08:45] allowed you to have that spectrum. You know, where you could dip into all various [00:08:50] parts of medicine.
Philippa Kaye: I think it’s a combination of things. I think that’s the first bit and that’s the biggest pull. [00:08:55] And in particular, I really enjoy women’s health, children’s health [00:09:00] and sexual health. And whilst they sound like they’re linked in the hospital, they’re not, of [00:09:05] course. And so I could do all of those things. But when I was in medical [00:09:10] school, if you would have asked me, I would have said I wanted to be a premature babies doctor, a neonatal paediatrician, and [00:09:15] I loved that job. Yeah. Um, and you really saw what [00:09:20] you were doing and felt what you were doing in that job. And I went looking for female [00:09:25] mentors. And I’m 45, which is not that old. But actually, the world of medicine [00:09:30] has changed quite a lot in terms of helping women [00:09:35] be less than full time and have babies and understand that that’s [00:09:40] part of the career. And I couldn’t find a mentor that had what I also wanted, [00:09:45] which was to be married and have lots of kids, and I [00:09:50] could see people that did one thing or another thing, or try to do both and and how difficult [00:09:55] it was. And I thought, I’m not sure that I want to do this. So let me create my [00:10:00] way within general practice that I can do as much as I [00:10:05] want of this bit. I mean, obviously not neonatal peds, but you see loads [00:10:10] and loads of children. About a quarter of our work is children and, and and so the [00:10:15] two things together made me made me go for that. And occasionally people will say, [00:10:20] oh, you’re just a GP, do you ever want to go back to hospital medicine? And we always say, there’s no such thing as just a GP. [00:10:25] That’s a speciality in itself. We are specialists in general practice. It’s not the same, it’s different. [00:10:30] And no, I don’t want to go back to hospital medicine. I really think that this is the best choice [00:10:35] for me to be able to do all the bits that I want to do.
Rhona Eskander: Yeah, it’s funny as well, because [00:10:40] again, a lot of things that were drilled into me as a teenager about [00:10:45] dentistry when I looked into it, was that it’s much more suited to a woman because of the hours, [00:10:50] because of the flexibility, because of the fact that it’s genuinely unless you are in hospital, [00:10:55] which very few people are. It’s a 9 to 5 job. You can take time off, you can be flexible, [00:11:00] you can do more private. And whilst there are so many females, [00:11:05] it’s a female dominated industry. Dentistry. Still, women are not [00:11:10] at the forefront in the top positions. So what I mean by that is people go, yeah, but there’s so many female [00:11:15] dentists. Okay, but where’s the ones that are part of the boards, you know, of the big [00:11:20] organisations? Where are the ones that are at the forefront of the lecture stages? Where are [00:11:25] the ones that are part of the decision making and the committees? You know, you see so few of it. And [00:11:30] whilst a few people may come along, I think there’s still a degree of misogyny and, [00:11:35] um, a little bit of misrepresentation, to be honest with you. [00:11:40] And again, a lot of female dentists will go off and do kind of aesthetics and, [00:11:45] you know, very few will become implant surgeons or surgeons in general.
Rhona Eskander: And I challenge [00:11:50] that quite a lot within my industry. I mean, quite famously, there was a big online conference [00:11:55] in Instagram, was at its embryonic stages, and I remember there was all [00:12:00] the big amazing male dentists holding this conference, and they sent me an invite and I go, that’s [00:12:05] great, but you don’t have a single female on the panel. And I think I got like a sort of bot [00:12:10] reply or something. And one of the guys on the panel, I knew quite well, he’s one of [00:12:15] the most respected dentists in the world, and the guys [00:12:20] in the group chat sort of made fun of my message, you know, like, oh, look, you know. And he said, no, she’s right. [00:12:25] You know, women should be at the forefront. Women should be part of the decision making. And this is a global issue [00:12:30] anyways, as we know. But I do find it interesting because as I said, people, a lot [00:12:35] of women had chosen dentistry as well because of the flexibility of lifestyle. What [00:12:40] I do want to ask you as well, which I know will feed into, you know, the bulk [00:12:45] of our conversation. Do you think that medical misogyny [00:12:50] is still a big problem?
Philippa Kaye: Yeah.
Rhona Eskander: And for those people that don’t know, can you [00:12:55] define it? What what do we mean by medical misogyny? So I think.
Philippa Kaye: There’s two things here. I think there’s misogyny, [00:13:00] which actually means a hatred of women. And and that’s not sort of how people [00:13:05] use it in speak, but it means a hatred of women. And then there’s medical sexism. And [00:13:10] and we have to remember that women [00:13:15] have been around for millennia and for millennia. We have been judged on what we look [00:13:20] like and our ability to bear children. When you think about the big [00:13:25] changes in sort of women’s health, that link with women’s place [00:13:30] in society, those are the Abortion Act in the 60s, the pill in the 60s, [00:13:35] HRT, you know, whilst it was discovered earlier, didn’t really come to the fore to [00:13:40] the 60s. That’s less than a century ago. So these are the things which were really [00:13:45] a game changer for women. The pill separates women’s from having sex with necessarily [00:13:50] having children, and all of that entails. And 60 years worth [00:13:55] of something is not the same as five millennia worth of something, right? And [00:14:00] so these changes take a huge amount of time. Women weren’t mandated to be in medical trials [00:14:05] until towards the end of the last century. That means that you could have [00:14:10] any trial on a drug or on a condition, and not include women in it, because [00:14:15] the little darlings are too complicated with those periods. And, you know, and they might be pregnant. [00:14:20] Yeah. We’re different. Sometimes it’s complicated. That doesn’t mean that you exclude us.
Philippa Kaye: And [00:14:25] so some of what we might call medical sexism or medical misogyny is [00:14:30] about a lack of knowledge. So when I went to medical school and [00:14:35] learned about heart attacks and the image of an [00:14:40] overweight man in his 60s with a fag in one hand, clutching [00:14:45] his chest with the other and sweat dripping down his face. Right. And [00:14:50] actually, women might present feeling a little tired or dizzy or with backache, and that was [00:14:55] never taught. Now, some of the reason why that was never taught was because it wasn’t known. [00:15:00] And so I don’t think that is misogynistic. I don’t think that comes from a place of [00:15:05] hatred or sort of a deliberate, um, a deliberate [00:15:10] trying to hurt women that comes from a place of a lack of knowledge. And so that [00:15:15] bit needs to change. But we know really clearly that the gender health gap [00:15:20] is real and the gender pay gap is real, never mind things like the gender orgasm gap. So [00:15:25] the gender pay gap is, for example, that women’s pain is less likely to be taken seriously [00:15:30] than men’s. Yes, you are less likely to get painkillers in A and E, and [00:15:35] there is this idea in society that to be a woman is to live with pain that periods might [00:15:40] hurt and that having a baby might hurt, and that you just have to put up with it and continue in the [00:15:45] Tampax advert with your roller skates on.
Philippa Kaye: Plus managing your kids, plus managing your work. [00:15:50] Plus plus plus plus plus. And actually, to be a woman doesn’t have to be mean [00:15:55] that you have to live with pain. And that message needs to feed down not just [00:16:00] to women and society, but also to medicine and [00:16:05] what we’re taught in medicine and how we challenge that. And often in the menopause space and [00:16:10] the menopause campaigning space, I’m asked, don’t I get frustrated about how [00:16:15] slow things are? And I say, well, one, we’re fighting these millennia and that takes time. But two, that people [00:16:20] have to understand where we are in the process. In order for your doctor to [00:16:25] do something different, the guidelines have to change. In order for the guidelines to change, [00:16:30] we need to show that there is evidence that the guidelines need to change in order to produce [00:16:35] that evidence. We need to do the trials. In order to do the trials, you have to fund the trials in order to get the funding for [00:16:40] the trials. We have to be aware that there is an issue. That’s where we are raising awareness of [00:16:45] an issue. That is the point where we are at raising awareness of, for example, testosterone [00:16:50] use in women in menopause and the studies are being done right. And so these things take [00:16:55] a lot, a lot of time. And in the meantime, we have to continue to advocate [00:17:00] for ourselves over and over again.
Rhona Eskander: Yeah. Because I, you know, [00:17:05] forgive me, I cannot remember her name, but the very famous BBC TV presenter, because she came out, [00:17:10] the one with the short hair or she came out endometriosis.
Philippa Kaye: Yes, yes.
Rhona Eskander: Exactly, [00:17:15] exactly. And like, I think it was really interesting because I think she felt really gaslit as well, because [00:17:20] her pain was really real and her symptoms were really real. And like you said, she was almost [00:17:25] fobbed off. This is normal. This is just pain. It’s part of being a woman. Deal with it. [00:17:30] Uh, a controversial question. Do you think that if it was men that were experiencing [00:17:35] the symptoms that we had had periods and all that stuff, that more funding would go behind [00:17:40] the research needed to help the situation, [00:17:45] the circumstances and the symptoms.
Philippa Kaye: How many medications are available over the [00:17:50] counter for erectile dysfunction? They’ve been available over the counter for quite a long time, [00:17:55] haven’t they? You know, research happens for things that people think are important. And [00:18:00] as I said, they’re raising awareness. Now, if the people making the decisions [00:18:05] are men, they’re going to potentially or at least previously think about issues that affect men. And [00:18:10] for a long time, there was this idea that women are essentially little men and we’re [00:18:15] not. So it’s not that we are shorter and weigh less. It’s the fact that oestrogen, progesterone, [00:18:20] testosterone, all genders have all those sex hormones. But and that [00:18:25] oestrogen affects all parts of your body, not just your womb [00:18:30] and your breasts. And that impact affects your brain [00:18:35] and it affects your joints and it affects your bones. And so we need to look at [00:18:40] women in the context of that as opposed to thinking, well, they’re just the same as men. They’re not. [00:18:45] And when we saw that, for example, really clearly in Covid, why [00:18:50] were women doing better than men after the menopause? What was it? And [00:18:55] there is this idea that sex hormones are about your reproductive system. They’re much [00:19:00] more than that. They affect every part of you, from the hair on your head to the skin on your feet. [00:19:05] And so too, for men. And I don’t think [00:19:10] maybe I’m naive, but I don’t think that these things [00:19:15] are necessarily done malevolently. I think there’s just this [00:19:20] is what I was taught. This is what I know don’t know. And I think that there is a real [00:19:25] difficulty that both medics and society [00:19:30] have with saying, we just don’t know. Now, and one of the most [00:19:35] difficult conversations you have with a patient is.
Philippa Kaye: I can see your suffering [00:19:40] and we can’t find what the thing is to do about it. I can’t find it on [00:19:45] a blood test. I can’t find it on a scan. That doesn’t mean that whatever is happening to you isn’t [00:19:50] real. Endometriosis is a particular condition. The average length of diagnosis [00:19:55] is eight years, and for people who don’t know, that’s when there is tissue similar to the lining of the womb [00:20:00] and is deposited on other parts of the body. And so whilst the lining of [00:20:05] the womb build up every month and you have your period that comes out through the vagina and, and the blood [00:20:10] and the womb lining goes, if that tissue is on the outside of your womb or [00:20:15] on your bowel, for example, when you bleed, you’re bleeding internally and there’s nowhere for that to go. [00:20:20] And that causes inflammation and scar tissue, which cause all the symptoms not seen on a blood [00:20:25] test. Now there is a there are more specialist scans, but [00:20:30] often not seen on a scan at all. And the gold standard of diagnosis is with keyhole [00:20:35] surgery. And that you’re not going to necessarily do for everybody who comes in [00:20:40] with symptoms initially. And so the time to diagnosis is long [00:20:45] for all kinds of reasons. But it starts with this idea of [00:20:50] yeah, period pain is normal. No it’s not for anybody listening. If you can’t get off the toilet for three days [00:20:55] because you’re bleeding so heavily, if you’re missing school or work because you’re bleeding so heavily or you are in pain, go to the doctor. [00:21:00] We will do something about it. Mhm.
Rhona Eskander: I don’t know if this was just [00:21:05] a rumour. I also saw a clip on social media, as you do, that claimed [00:21:10] that the word hysteria is related to hysterectomy [00:21:15] and the symptoms that a woman had from a mental health point of view. [00:21:20] Is there truth to that? I want you to unpack that a little bit.
Philippa Kaye: For me comes from a Greek word, um, [00:21:25] and hysterics. Um, and it was thought that hysteria [00:21:30] was due to the wandering womb, um, and in the 19th century, [00:21:35] few were a bit difficult. Maybe you were a bit mouthy. [00:21:40] Maybe you were irritable. Maybe you had anxiety. The treatment was electrical stimulation [00:21:45] of your clitoris by a medical professional. Yeah. [00:21:50] So, um, so, I mean, orgasms might have helped. Who knows? They’re good for all kinds [00:21:55] of things. Um, but women’s sexual pleasure was so [00:22:00] not thought of that this was a medical treatment for the wandering [00:22:05] womb.
Rhona Eskander: And was a hysterectomy. The solution towards at all.
Philippa Kaye: So [00:22:10] a hysterectomy means removal of the womb. How did that. So this is history of medicine. [00:22:15] I’m not sure if that was used as a treatment, but the hysterectomy was much more common than it used [00:22:20] to. Used to be much more common than it is now. Because if you had, for example, in [00:22:25] very, very heavy periods and we didn’t have things like a coil or the pill, [00:22:30] then a hysterectomy would have been solved. The problem because you removed the womb. Okay, well, you’re not having [00:22:35] bleeding anymore. So hysterectomy is aren’t as common as they used to be. I don’t know their [00:22:40] history around that. It’d be interesting to find out, but.
Rhona Eskander: Yeah, but the word hysterical is not [00:22:45] necessarily got a positive connotation. And so the fact that even like a hysterectomy, [00:22:50] hysterical. Like we should be challenging language in the same way language is being challenged [00:22:55] in lots of different ways with regards to gender, I think it’s really important that we give that consideration. [00:23:00] So there is.
Philippa Kaye: A there there is a link automatically, um, [00:23:05] between the word hysterical, which is not the same as mentally unwell, [00:23:10] you know, and you don’t really describe men as hysterical. It’s actually a derogatory word [00:23:15] aimed at women. And the basis of that word is because you got a womb.
Rhona Eskander: Yeah. [00:23:20] It’s really interesting. Now, one thing that really resonated that you just said [00:23:25] that is sometimes we have patients and we certainly get this in dentistry as well, [00:23:30] where they have symptoms and you cannot provide necessarily a [00:23:35] solution. Um, in dental school it was described as either [00:23:40] having phantom symptoms or, you know, that, you [00:23:45] know, there was always a link perhaps to something mental health. As I progressed [00:23:50] further onto my career, I started to read the work of what I consider [00:23:55] to be more progressive doctors, and my father would argue, who was a more old [00:24:00] school doctor. It’s a little bit woo woo. And the reason why I say woo woo, because in [00:24:05] his mind it’s not necessarily tangible. So, for example, I read the work of Doctor [00:24:10] Gabor Matte, the work of Doctor Bessel. You know, the body keeps the score. And [00:24:15] I think that there’s a real gap within medicine and dentistry that does not allow and give space [00:24:20] to recognise that certain emotions, traumas and past [00:24:25] behaviours can certainly contribute to the symptoms that we get and manifest physically. [00:24:30] What’s your thoughts on that?
Philippa Kaye: We know that the brain and the body talk to [00:24:35] each other. We don’t quite sure how they do it, but we know that they do. [00:24:40] And actually everybody can think of an example of that. You have a bad cold and you just [00:24:45] feel a bit blah, and you don’t feel happy and you don’t feel energised, right? [00:24:50] Um, and when you’re in pain that your mood drops. So these are examples that people [00:24:55] sort of think, well, yeah. Or your libido drops. Why would you want to have sex? [00:25:00] And so we know really clearly that physical conditions [00:25:05] can have mental health symptoms and that psychological conditions. And by that I don’t mean made [00:25:10] up I mean related to your mental health can have physical symptoms. So [00:25:15] in depression that might affect your sleep, it might affect your energy, it might affect your appetite. And [00:25:20] in really severe depression, it can even affect how quickly you speak [00:25:25] or how quickly you move someone with anxiety. If you watch someone with severe anxiety [00:25:30] who is shaking and fidgeting and their heart is racing and they’ve got palpitations and chest [00:25:35] pain and shortness of breath and they feel sick, so we know really clearly that the two interact. [00:25:40] We also know that your gut is what we sometimes call your second brain. Your gut produces serotonin, [00:25:45] same as the brain, and it responds to serotonin.
Philippa Kaye: Actually really interesting. In regards to [00:25:50] women’s health producers, there are bacteria that are involved in the production of oestrogen and the response [00:25:55] to oestrogen. It’s called the ester bloom. And. And so we know they talk to each other. We know [00:26:00] that if you give patients with irritable bowel syndrome an SSRI antidepressant [00:26:05] doesn’t mean they’re depressed, but it makes their symptoms better. We know that we can use antidepressants [00:26:10] for all kinds of things which aren’t depression. So there is a [00:26:15] definite link between the two. I think there’s a [00:26:20] struggle in two ways. One is with the doctor saying, there is nothing more I can do [00:26:25] in terms of medicine, which is hard for us to say when we want to make you better. [00:26:30] And actually, I think as GP’s often we’re better at that than hospital doctors [00:26:35] sometimes because we, we see things from a different angle. So as a GP, [00:26:40] I’m ruling stuff out most of the time and then as a hospital doctor, a GP has already said [00:26:45] to you there’s a problem here, I might not know what it is, go find it. Right. So they’re ruling stuff in [00:26:50] and we know you. We know your family often. We know where you live. We know what you do. [00:26:55] It sounds really creepy. Um, but.
Rhona Eskander: Stalker, we.
Philippa Kaye: Know about you. [00:27:00] And sometimes we’re having these conversations [00:27:05] where we say, I see what? That you are struggling, but there isn’t [00:27:10] necessarily a medicine to fix that. So now what are we going to do? And actually the answer [00:27:15] often in those situations is around talking therapies. And that’s [00:27:20] where the second barrier comes in, which is the patients often say, you’re saying I’m crazy, I’m making [00:27:25] it up. And I’m not saying that. What I’m saying is there isn’t a medicine [00:27:30] to help. So what we now need is some kind of therapy to help you manage [00:27:35] what you have. And so if you go into a chronic pain clinic, you will [00:27:40] have a consultant anaesthetist, probably, who will be talking about medicines and sometimes epidurals [00:27:45] and all kinds of things. And you’ll also have a chronic pain psychologist because [00:27:50] not everything in medicine is answerable. Exactly. And that doesn’t mean [00:27:55] that we can’t help you in some way. Their help might be different. And there is a lot [00:28:00] of evidence that for certain, um, symptoms and conditions that often they [00:28:05] will be related to what are really clinically called adverse [00:28:10] childhood events and what are less clinically called often horrible stories [00:28:15] of abuse and things like that. And I think that we have to be [00:28:20] really open to talking [00:28:25] and thinking about those things, but I think that it requires a mind shift in both [00:28:30] the doctor and the patient to be able to say, [00:28:35] this is where we are. And the reason why that’s so hard often is because [00:28:40] we ought to start with, well, maybe your thyroid’s just low, because I can fix that with [00:28:45] a tiny tablet. And so you have to go down one route before you get there. And that’s [00:28:50] really difficult for everyone. Do you what’s your.
Rhona Eskander: Thoughts as well. [00:28:55] Because again, you know, going back to sort of the more progressive doctors that look into that and I know [00:29:00] that the NHS is integrating that and there’s huge amounts of research. Talk about this a lot on my podcast, [00:29:05] Integrated Psychedelic Therapy. So I know that, for example, some places are offering [00:29:10] um, in not in the UK necessarily, but in Switzerland they’re doing a lot [00:29:15] of research around mushrooms. They are also, I understand my friend [00:29:20] had a ketamine drip, you know, for her depression on on the NHS, which I’d [00:29:25] never heard of. That part of medicine is completely new. But looking at the history, because I read a [00:29:30] great book, How to Change Your Mind, um, which goes into the history of psychedelic medicine. [00:29:35] You know, these, this, these medications were actually making huge amounts [00:29:40] of progress back in the day. Then Nixon comes into power. War on [00:29:45] drugs comes in. Hippies, love and light. I don’t want to go to the Vietnam War. It’s all quite interesting, [00:29:50] you know. But then when I look at the psychiatric implications, you know, these medications were used [00:29:55] for PTSD. You know, people that were going to war, um, marriage counselling, all [00:30:00] those different things. Do you think any of those medications will actually make headway? And [00:30:05] for the ones that are being used like ketamine, do you think there is benefit or you know, what’s your views? [00:30:10]
Philippa Kaye: Let’s start with, um, I do not recommend that people take illegal [00:30:15] recreational drugs with the idea that it’s going to help you medically. [00:30:20] That is not what’s being talked about. Microdosing. Um, under [00:30:25] medical supervision. We’re not there. Two very separate things. And actually, medicine is [00:30:30] really interesting because we use illegal drugs [00:30:35] in illegal way a lot of the time. So medication for [00:30:40] ADHD, um, is a controlled drug because essentially [00:30:45] they’re stimulants. We use opioids. Um, if [00:30:50] you have an operation, if you have, I don’t know, a spinal anaesthetic, if you’re having [00:30:55] a caesarian section, we use them at end of life. Um, and they can all be abused [00:31:00] and misused in different ways. Um, and so there’s often been [00:31:05] a crossover. And what we need here is more research. [00:31:10] And what seems to be the case is that there are lots of people doing things sort [00:31:15] of on their own saying, you know, well, I just get this from my friend around the corner. That’s [00:31:20] not the same as what we’re talking about. And I think that we just need to know more. Another [00:31:25] example is using magnetic stimulation of the brain and TMS. [00:31:30] Yeah. Transcranial magnetic stimulation. And for a long time, [00:31:35] a treatment for very severe depression was ECT. Electric convulsive therapy. [00:31:40] And when I did psychiatry when I was a psychiatric show it was [00:31:45] something it is still used was something that was used is still used. Not in a One Flew [00:31:50] Over the Cuckoo’s Nest way and people are given an anaesthetic.
Philippa Kaye: It’s not the same. [00:31:55] And actually, for people with very severe catatonic depression, it [00:32:00] can work. And so and now there are forms which is sort of [00:32:05] you might consider it almost like ECT light. And now they’re talking about magnetic stimulation. [00:32:10] And all of this to me is entirely fascinating. And we need [00:32:15] more research because what we’ve got are vulnerable people. And whenever [00:32:20] any of us is unwell in whatever way, we are unwell. And I say this as a patient who’s had cancer [00:32:25] myself, we are vulnerable to the snake oil because we want to be better. [00:32:30] And where medicine doesn’t have the answers in the terms, [00:32:35] in easy terms in a pill, right? Because often answers [00:32:40] are hard if they involve doing more exercise and eating a certain way. Et cetera. Et [00:32:45] cetera. That’s much harder than please take this tablet three times a day. And where medicine doesn’t [00:32:50] have the answers, and other people make huge claims about [00:32:55] what it is that their product, their supplement, their course, their whatever [00:33:00] can do. We want it to work so desperately that we’re vulnerable to it. And I think [00:33:05] that actually we need to do good research, which is not quite the same [00:33:10] as research. We need to do good research, find out more to protect [00:33:15] the people, because there are an awful lot of people out there selling an awful lot of stuff for an awful lot of money. [00:33:20] Mhm.
Rhona Eskander: Yeah. Because it’s interesting because as I said to you, like LSC has a dedicated site, Psychedelic [00:33:25] Research Centre, which is super interesting. So I’d love to see. But as you said unfortunately [00:33:30] the problem is where the abuse comes in, where people take these to self-soothe in a way [00:33:35] that without doing the work, you know. And I think that where it becomes more of an interesting [00:33:40] is, you know, when you see the research centres in Switzerland where you have a 70 year old patient with [00:33:45] cancer that then has therapy alongside some of these treatments, and [00:33:50] I think that’s the only way it can really sort of move forward, as you said, with good research. Yeah. You [00:33:55] mentioned that you had cancer. So let’s talk a little bit about that. [00:34:00] How old were you when you got diagnosed? What were your symptoms?
Philippa Kaye: So I was 39 [00:34:05] and I didn’t have the classic symptoms. I had bowel cancer. I call it the shit cancer. It doesn’t have great [00:34:10] PR bowel cancer because it’s brown. Um, and people don’t like talking about it. [00:34:15] Um, I had had three emergency caesarian sections and my appendix [00:34:20] out and an ectopic pregnancy, actually. So I’d had a lot of, um, pelvic surgery. [00:34:25] And after the birth of my youngest, who is now nine, [00:34:30] um, I had some pain in my skull and thought, well, [00:34:35] you’ve got a lot of scar tissue down there, all right? And managed it for [00:34:40] a period of time. And then a few years later, actually, I had much worse pain, but [00:34:45] not constant. I didn’t have a change in my bowel habit. Everyone has a bowel habit. You might go to the toilet once a day. [00:34:50] You might go to the toilet twice a week, six times a day. Whatever. Your normal is your normal. And if that changes for [00:34:55] more than three weeks, your doctor wants to know about it. I didn’t have that. I didn’t have blood in my poo. I didn’t lose weight, I wasn’t tired, nothing. [00:35:00] I just had this pain sometimes before I went to do a poo and [00:35:05] it began to hurt more. And I went to my GP and I said, um, what [00:35:10] do you think is going on? I think it’s related to scar tissue. And she went, well, yeah, [00:35:15] it’s got to be let’s go and see a gynaecologist. And I went to see a gynaecologist [00:35:20] who said, I think your womb is stuck to your bowel, which happens [00:35:25] from scar tissue.
Philippa Kaye: Um, and I’m going to need a bowel surgeon in there with [00:35:30] me. So I think you should go and see a bowel surgeon first. So I went to the bowel surgeon, who went. Well, we better [00:35:35] just be careful and do a scope. And I remember thinking really clearly. Well, that’s annoying, because [00:35:40] I don’t want to take a day off work and do the bowel prep and be on the toilet all day, and then have to take another day off work and [00:35:45] have someone shove a camera up my bum. Um, but I was like, well, all right. Um, [00:35:50] and I remember that they pushed the drugs into my arm and I lay down and thought, okay. [00:35:55] And there’s a screen there for the surgeon to see, and and I [00:36:00] can’t help myself. So I looked at the screen and he put the camera in, and then I saw my cancer. And [00:36:05] because it was eight centimetres up. No, sorry, it was 12cm up. [00:36:10] They left me with eight centimetres of of rectum. And I turned my head and I looked [00:36:15] at the surgeon, and as his eyes came up, I thought, oh, that’s [00:36:20] it. The world changes today. And I [00:36:25] remember really clearly what happened next, which was he couldn’t get past the tumour. [00:36:30] It was too big. And he said and it was hurting and, and [00:36:35] I said, you know, you have to do what you have to do. Don’t worry about it. And he was like, no, we’re going to go and do a CT colon a different [00:36:40] way, which is essentially where they then fill your bowel up. Um, and then they take [00:36:45] like an x ray scan, a CT scan of it.
Philippa Kaye: And he said, but first I need to give [00:36:50] you a tattoo. Now I’m a good Jewish girl, and my parents would never [00:36:55] have let me add a tattoo. And I my mom was waiting outside [00:37:00] to pick me up, and I said to him, what do you mean my mom’s [00:37:05] going to be furious? And he said, I have to tattoo your tumour [00:37:10] from the inside so that when I go and get it from the outside, if it hasn’t gone through the wall, [00:37:15] it had. But he didn’t know that at the time. I won’t be able to see it, so I need to tattoo it. [00:37:20] So he put the tattoo in and, and he said he and [00:37:25] they sort of sorted everything out. And he said, I’m going to be right behind you there, wheeling [00:37:30] you back to the bay. I’m coming to talk to you. My mum [00:37:35] was there before me, before he was, and I turned to my mum and actually, this [00:37:40] is something. I was 39, I had three kids and a husband. Never occurred to me that I was going to tell [00:37:45] my mum that I had cancer. And I turned round to my mum and she could see that I’ve been crying and she said, [00:37:50] what’s the matter? Did it hurt? And I said, mummy, I’ve got cancer and a tattoo. I’m so [00:37:55] sorry. Yeah. Yeah. And that was my primary thought at that exact moment. [00:38:00] Obviously that then passed and that was no longer my primary thought. But for a while I focussed on that bit. [00:38:05]
Rhona Eskander: And so then what was the treatment? So what did [00:38:10] they decide? That was the best port of call.
Philippa Kaye: Um, so then it was all really quick. Really [00:38:15] quick. Um, and I had [00:38:20] a large part of my bowel removed a week later. Um, [00:38:25] so where it was, they took a few centimetres below, but they took lots [00:38:30] above, and that’s a really big operation. And there’s a possibility that you might have a stoma [00:38:35] bag, which I didn’t. Um. And your bowel does not like [00:38:40] being touched. It does not like it. And it needs to heal and rest, but it might [00:38:45] go on strike for a bit too. And you have to learn to eat again. You have to go through a period of time of nothing [00:38:50] at all, and then 30ml of fluid, an hour of water, and then you work your way [00:38:55] up, and then eventually you get to like a broth and then milk, and then and you [00:39:00] work your way up to eating and, um, then I had six months worth of chemotherapy [00:39:05] and then they said, and now we think everything should [00:39:10] be done. Let’s just do a scan to check. And on that scan, they found more lesions. Oh, no. [00:39:15] And we were then January February 2020 just [00:39:20] as COVID’s coming. And they said, well, let’s just hang on. Maybe it’s one of those things. [00:39:25]
Philippa Kaye: And by the time we got to April, there were many more [00:39:30] lesions. And they said, well, we can’t wait. We’re going to need to do a really, really big operation we need to [00:39:35] take out. Bearing in mind the first one was a whopper, we need to take out some of your small intestine and some of your [00:39:40] muscles around your stomach and your back, and we might have to take out [00:39:45] more large bowel and we’re going to put chemotherapy in and blah, blah, blah. And we’re in lockdown. And [00:39:50] they were talking about the recovery after that. And everybody’s kids were at home [00:39:55] and homeschooling. And I thought, I don’t know how I’m going to do this. I literally I don’t know how I’m going [00:40:00] to manage this. And they said, well, we’re also not sure about putting you in hospital [00:40:05] in this exact moment. And so they did a sort of like a mini surgery [00:40:10] in the May time to try and hold things off. And by September we [00:40:15] were about to enter lockdown again and they were like, you can’t wait. And I was in hospital [00:40:20] for 15 days. Ten of those days were in ICU on my own. And [00:40:25] that is undoubtedly the hardest thing [00:40:30] that I have ever done in my life.
Philippa Kaye: What it also taught me, [00:40:35] though, is something that I did not know before. Genuinely, I did not [00:40:40] know before, which is that I am enough. I can be enough for me. [00:40:45] I can be strong enough for me. And you don’t have to go in happy. [00:40:50] You don’t have to be toxically positive the entire time. You [00:40:55] just have to keep stepping and you can do that stomping, [00:41:00] angry. But that is where your strength is. And that really has changed [00:41:05] me to know that. And then after that, when they put the chemo [00:41:10] directly into my pelvis and they removed a whole bunch of stuff. [00:41:15] And then since that, that’s when they said, we’ve got it all and [00:41:20] we think that you’re cancer free. And that was [00:41:25] 2020. And since then, I have [00:41:30] still had surgeries every year to try and fix the issues that the first surgeries produce. [00:41:35] And every January I don’t make a New Year’s resolution. I make a hope. [00:41:40] And that hope is please this year. Let it let my [00:41:45] cancer not come back and let me not have a surgery. Yeah, I haven’t made it yet. [00:41:50] Hopefully this year will be the year.
Rhona Eskander: Honestly, you’re so amazing and I [00:41:55] feel every word because both my parents had cancer a few years [00:42:00] apart from each other. And I think it’s, you know, it’s it’s so difficult. I [00:42:05] mean, I’ve not been in that position, but having a parent in that position, weirdly, I was like, I’d rather have [00:42:10] it than my parents. Um, my dad is like my hero. [00:42:15] So for me, it was the most harrowing thing. And he was in surgery for like 13 [00:42:20] hours. And I remember thinking he he was dead. I’m going to be honest, because I was like, [00:42:25] why haven’t we heard from anyone? Why hasn’t anyone updated me? And I had this huge panic attack, [00:42:30] and he had a radical, radical vasectomy, just everything removed. And that affected his lifestyle [00:42:35] forever. Because you’ve got problems of incontinence, you’ve got problems with, [00:42:40] um, uh, you know, older, you know, your sex life gets affected, [00:42:45] everything gets affected. So he’s had to have multiple surgeries as well to try and rectify it.
Philippa Kaye: But I think that [00:42:50] that well, we know that 1 in 2 of us are going to have cancer at some point in our lives. That means [00:42:55] everybody is going to be affected by it, because we’re all going to know somebody with it or have it or, um, [00:43:00] you know, have a work colleague or whatever that may be.
Rhona Eskander: Why? Why do you think the numbers have increased even though [00:43:05] our lifestyles are better?
Philippa Kaye: So I think there’s a number of I’m going to come back to that. But I think [00:43:10] that we are getting better at diagnosing cancer. We are getting better at treating cancer, and that means that more of us are [00:43:15] either going to survive it or live with it. Okay. What we’re not good at, because we’re not good enough at getting [00:43:20] people to come forward with the symptoms in the first place, and attendance at screening isn’t high enough. [00:43:25] And all of these things, but what we’re really not good at is talking about survivorship and what you’re left with. What are [00:43:30] you left with if you live with a stoma, which sorry, which can be life changing [00:43:35] and life saving, what are you left with if you have low anterior resection syndrome because [00:43:40] you’ve had most of your bowel removed and I can’t wait for the toilet. And what are you left [00:43:45] with? If you’re put into a premature menopause, or that your brain is affected, or [00:43:50] you have neuropathy and you can’t feel your hands and feet or. Right, and we don’t talk about that, all [00:43:55] of those things, and we need to do much better at those. Why do I think that more people are having cancer? I think [00:44:00] there’s a number of reasons here. There’s two things we know that cancer in young people [00:44:05] is getting more common and in particular actually around bowel cancer.
Philippa Kaye: And bowel [00:44:10] cancer is a cancer where they think that there are a significant number of patients [00:44:15] and cases that could be prevented from lifestyle now. Mine was found out to be genetic, which [00:44:20] in itself has implications because when they gene tested me and [00:44:25] they found the gene that they doubled my risk of bowel cancer. So [00:44:30] there’s the concern not only is my cancer going to come back, but am I going to get a new bowel one because my [00:44:35] genes haven’t changed, but also it has implications for the rest of my family, right? [00:44:40] Because if I’m a carrier, yes, I could be the first mutation, but maybe my siblings. What about my [00:44:45] kids? And so you make a decision for yourself. Yes. I want to know because [00:44:50] of the links with other cancers and various other things. But this knowledge then goes to other people [00:44:55] as well. But we know, for example, that processed [00:45:00] meat and red meat and alcohol and smoking and obesity and [00:45:05] sedentary lifestyles, all of those things contribute to cancers. But we also have [00:45:10] to remember that when we talk about 150 years ago, most [00:45:15] people were likely to die either at birth or in the first couple [00:45:20] of years of life. And if you’re a woman and you made it past childhood, your next time [00:45:25] that you’re most likely to die was during childbirth, right? So [00:45:30] and then if you manage to get past that, then your life expectancy was sort of not [00:45:35] so significantly lower.
Philippa Kaye: But when you then look at life expectancy overall in the Victorian times, [00:45:40] you say, well, those numbers are much lower. We’re living much longer. Are we? Yes, we are, but [00:45:45] but those numbers are skewed because so many people died in childbirth or [00:45:50] at and around birth, that it means that the average, because this is how maths work [00:45:55] works, gets a lot younger. And so we are now thankfully [00:46:00] more likely to survive childhood with vaccines and nutrition and clean water. We [00:46:05] are now thankfully more likely to survive childbirth with good antenatal care and care on the labour [00:46:10] wards, etc. etc. which means that more of us are going to be hitting points where we can get these things [00:46:15] and and we need to do better at prevention. [00:46:20] And some things around prevention are not sexy and exciting, [00:46:25] but they do work. And we know, for example, that there [00:46:30] is no safe amount of alcohol to drink. Well, no one wants to hear that, but that is [00:46:35] true. Alcohol is a carcinogen. We know that physical [00:46:40] activity decreases your risk of cancer. It’s a bit boring, isn’t it? People [00:46:45] would prefer to do something else, but actually those are the things that would make a [00:46:50] huge difference.
Rhona Eskander: So lots of things to unpack. First of all, my partner says this all the time because [00:46:55] he’s reading a book on Alexandria, some half Egyptian. I don’t know if you knew that, but he’s reading a book in Alexandria. He’s really excited. We’re going [00:47:00] to Egypt. He’s never been. And he’s fascinated by Alexander the Great. And I talk about, like, [00:47:05] the ancient Egyptians because the ancient Egyptians were super progressive in medicine, I’m sure you know, and I’m like, yeah, [00:47:10] but no one really lived that long. He was like, no, that’s a misconception. He’s like, because people the time that we’re going [00:47:15] to die was in, you know, as you said, childbirth or when they were really young. [00:47:20] And then actually lots of people were living till they were like 70 or whatever, but it’s skewed [00:47:25] numbers. So I love the fact that you’ve brought up that point. One thing that becomes [00:47:30] apparent to me is, you know, for me, what really worries me as a society as [00:47:35] a whole is that we want the easy way out. I once read Something [00:47:40] Beautiful, an article by Mark Manson. He wrote the book The Subtle Art of Not Giving [00:47:45] a Fuck. I don’t know if you’ve read it, you know, and he wrote an amazing article [00:47:50] about New Year’s resolutions and happiness as a whole. And one thing that he brought [00:47:55] up, which I really loved in the article that I read, is that if you ask most people, what do they want [00:48:00] in life? They will say, I just want to be happy.
Rhona Eskander: Okay, [00:48:05] what does that look like? I just want a nice partner. I want to go on nice holidays. I want [00:48:10] a job that I like. I want enough money to enjoy my life. I want great sex. They say all these things. [00:48:15] He says, well, it’s all very well saying that things. But the question that we really need to pose is, [00:48:20] how much are you willing to suffer for what you want? So what I mean by [00:48:25] that is you could say, I want to be a really successful doctor like Philippa, have a platform, be on [00:48:30] TV, go into a work environment where I love treating patients, or I want to be like Rhona and [00:48:35] have my own dental practice. But what they don’t understand. Do you want to do a 60 hour week at some point [00:48:40] in your life? Do you want to sacrifice time with your friends and family or your social life? So [00:48:45] when you start asking those questions, because usually there is so much that goes behind [00:48:50] requiring the life that you want, most people don’t want to do that, and that’s [00:48:55] the same. There’s a similarity in what you said because you said, are you willing not to drink alcohol? Are [00:49:00] you willing to wake up early to exercise or go after work? Are you willing to make healthier choices? [00:49:05] And most people want.
Rhona Eskander: That brings me on to a question that perhaps [00:49:10] is going off onto another tangent. But with regards to health, i.e. the eating [00:49:15] less and exercising more, the easy way out seems to be ozempic [00:49:20] or these weight limiting drugs. Now they have their place, [00:49:25] as we know, with people that actually need them. But what I’m seeing more and more, especially because [00:49:30] I’m in the world of social media, where aesthetics and the way you look and dropping [00:49:35] 2 or 3 kilos makes you look and feel better is something [00:49:40] that people are doing. And I have even models and influencers admitting to me in my practice that they’re taking [00:49:45] it. They’re already a size eight. We’re not talking about various people now. Do they live a [00:49:50] healthy lifestyle? No. They party, they drink, they take drugs. Et cetera. Et cetera. [00:49:55] So what is your view on the weight loss injections? Where do you think it’s going? [00:50:00] Is it being regulated? I’d love to know, because. And could it have a positive impact? [00:50:05] Because it is limiting your ability to eat and drink alcohol, [00:50:10] etc.. So could there be a positive benefit?
Philippa Kaye: And let me just answer the first, first bit, [00:50:15] which is I think that that with regards [00:50:20] to happiness, satisfaction is not quite the same as happiness. And I think [00:50:25] that the answer to all of that is to be able to find the joy in the tiniest [00:50:30] of things, to be able to find the joy in sitting under a tree and watching the sunlight through [00:50:35] the leaves, to be able to be present in any moment and [00:50:40] actually find the peace within that, and to [00:50:45] be satisfied and say, this is enough for right now. I have enough [00:50:50] and not to constantly be grasping for the next, the next, the next. And that, [00:50:55] for me is the answer to where where happiness is for me. That’s not the same for everybody [00:51:00] else. Um, I think that weight loss drugs are [00:51:05] saying something very interesting about society. Yes. Let’s [00:51:10] start with the fact that obesity is a chronic disease, which [00:51:15] is mostly genetic, with over a thousand genes involved. [00:51:20] Epigenetics is how your environment shapes your genes, and environment absolutely [00:51:25] plays a role in whether or not these genes express. But we have been brought up in a society [00:51:30] which has a huge amount of weight stigma. Every book you’ve [00:51:35] ever read or film you’ve ever seen, the bully is a fat kid. A fat, stupid [00:51:40] kid, right? When you look at a picture in the newspaper and [00:51:45] you are looking at someone with obesity, they have a grumpy face.
Philippa Kaye: We are not shown, [00:51:50] and that weight stigma means we have evidence to say that if you have obesity, [00:51:55] you are less likely to have a front facing job, to be a receptionist, to work in a shop, right? You [00:52:00] are less likely to attend your screening programs. You are going to have worse mental health [00:52:05] as well as physical health. The stigma about obesity is very real [00:52:10] and medicine and the government have not helped us, right? We put all the blame and [00:52:15] the onus on these people when actually no one is telling the truth, which is losing [00:52:20] weight is really hard, really hard. Keeping that weight off is really hard. When [00:52:25] your metabolic set point and all of your hormones are fighting to maintain the weight that [00:52:30] you have. And so these medications are an [00:52:35] absolute game changer in the world of obesity and diabetes, when up until [00:52:40] then, the only thing which has evidence for working is surgery, which is life [00:52:45] changing surgery. And now these medicines there is not evidence for any diet [00:52:50] in the long term. So people lose weight and they put it back on. [00:52:55] Often putting on a little bit more and then they lose weight.
Philippa Kaye: And that yo yo dieting has a real effect [00:53:00] on the body. So we need to be honest with patients and say, I see you [00:53:05] and it’s hard and it’s not your fault. Let’s just start with that. And actually when you do that with patients, [00:53:10] they are almost so overwhelmed by that because [00:53:15] I am yet to meet a patient who has obesity, who doesn’t know [00:53:20] that they have obesity, who hasn’t tried absolutely everything that they can over the years, [00:53:25] every diet, every everything because they are desperate to [00:53:30] lose that weight. So let’s be honest and say, I see you. It’s really hard and society has not [00:53:35] helped you at all. And these medicines have a huge place within that [00:53:40] and that access should be easier. There [00:53:45] is also a risk for every medicine that we have, every [00:53:50] choice that we make. When you cross the road, I need to cross. The benefit of crossing this road is I will be on the [00:53:55] other side. The risk is a car might hit me, right? Everything that you do is [00:54:00] a weighing up of the positives and the negatives. And when we are talking about [00:54:05] obesity, the potential benefits of these medications are huge. [00:54:10] And in those people it might be worth the potential [00:54:15] side effects the nausea, the vomiting, the diarrhoea, the abdominal pain, right, the [00:54:20] being on them long term, all of those things as your weight gets less [00:54:25] and less and less and less and less.
Philippa Kaye: And now we’re talking about someone with a healthy BMI. Well, hang on, what’s the benefit [00:54:30] that I’m getting physiologically in my body in [00:54:35] order to balance with these risks? Well, my risk benefit ratio changes. [00:54:40] And these medications are not licensed for use in people [00:54:45] with a low BMI and the potential for misuse is [00:54:50] huge and we are seeing it. We are seeing young girls going to A&E with severe abdominal [00:54:55] pain. We are seeing young girls with eating disorders who [00:55:00] are, you know, standing on a scale with a bunch of rucksack with weights [00:55:05] on their back in order to say, oh, but I am this weight and [00:55:10] there definitely needs to be regulation around misuse. [00:55:15] That doesn’t take it away from the huge group of people [00:55:20] that need it. And then we need to separate. Sorry. We need to separate [00:55:25] the idea of weight from physical [00:55:30] activity and health because I don’t care what [00:55:35] your size is, physical activity is beneficial. And so [00:55:40] people who say, well, if you’re over, if you have overweight, if you have obesity, you [00:55:45] should just move more. Then you’ll lose weight. No, you should just move more. Full stop. It’s good for you. [00:55:50]
Rhona Eskander: But this is the thing. Like. And it’s like, I’m going to get emotional about this because I [00:55:55] cannot tell you that. Like, as a child, I was pretty confident little [00:56:00] girl. And I kind of loved my body because, you know, you don’t come out of the womb hating your body. [00:56:05] My mother was from a middle eastern background with some [00:56:10] European blood in her as well. We’ve got my grandmother. My great grandmother was German, um, and [00:56:15] my mom was really tall. She was a model. She also had her own eating disorder, went off and [00:56:20] did nutrition. Kind of healed herself through that. Um, but I think that there was always [00:56:25] this fascination with the kind of tall, white, blonde, skinny person. [00:56:30] And so, like, you know, there were comments that were made from my parents, you know, who typically, [00:56:35] again, come from a middle eastern background but desperately want to fit into this kind of like European setting. [00:56:40] I didn’t care, and it wasn’t until I went to university and all the girls who were boarding school [00:56:45] girls who all had eating disorders. I never had an eating because I went to a school in Queens College, [00:56:50] you know, you know London very well. Multicultural London is vast. [00:56:55] You know, I didn’t have a problem. I am Middle Eastern. My body shape is Middle Eastern, small [00:57:00] top, half hips and bum. Like that was just a thing. And then everyone told [00:57:05] me I was overweight. And then I got asked to do modelling. And then everyone was like, well, you can’t.
Rhona Eskander: You’re too big to go [00:57:10] to this casting. You’re too. And I was like, okay, so I developed an eating disorder. And the problem [00:57:15] was, is that everything around me, of course, the media perpetuated an [00:57:20] idea that I was big. Bridget Jones was deemed as being big. She was not big. She was eight [00:57:25] stone, I think even or nine stone in Bridget Jones. You know, Britney Spears, [00:57:30] the most talked about thing was when she put on weight. Special K diets eat cereal like [00:57:35] once a day, you know, so the idea that the smaller you are, [00:57:40] the better you are was heavily ingrained. And unfortunately, as I dropped weight, I [00:57:45] look. People told me I looked better, and I think that I was sort of grateful for the Kardashians [00:57:50] in a way I can’t really. I don’t really like them in general because suddenly I was like, oh, having [00:57:55] hips and bums is cool. Do you know what I mean? Like suddenly, suddenly, suddenly, I was okay to have [00:58:00] instead of being told to cover up that part of my body, I could go to the gym feeling okay, [00:58:05] and now I’m seeing a regression again, that people are like, no, [00:58:10] again, you know, being waif thin and Kate Moss style. And I think that’s where [00:58:15] the danger I’m seeing. And I think, again, you’re having celebrities endorsing their fitness program after, um, [00:58:20] losing seven kilos in a week. Sorry, you’re on Ozempic. You know, it’s obvious no [00:58:25] one loses seven kilos.
Philippa Kaye: Even if you’re even if you’re not on Ozempic. You have a personal [00:58:30] trainer every day and you have a personalised meals, and you do not [00:58:35] have to get three buses to work, and you don’t live in a food desert [00:58:40] where you have to get a bus to go to a supermarket, and you can only have what you can carry and you can [00:58:45] only afford what you can afford. And you’re working three jobs and you’ve got kids and and and these [00:58:50] are not you know, we’re comparing apples and oranges. There are fashions and trends in everything [00:58:55] with regards to women, from pubic hair to body size. [00:59:00] What that means is you will never, ever, always be the ideal. [00:59:05] And we need to learn to separate ourselves from that. And that is incredibly [00:59:10] difficult. And as someone who’s on the telly, the [00:59:15] first time that I was asked to do a photo shoot for a magazine I [00:59:20] was writing for, and I went to this place and the [00:59:25] the magazine, um, brand also had one [00:59:30] of those lads mags, and the studio was shooting, um, a bikini [00:59:35] shoot and then me straight after. And I remember walking in and seeing a [00:59:40] rack of bikinis thinking, yo, I’m a doctor. No way. I’m literally here [00:59:45] for like, the shot of me at the top of my column. Yeah. What is going on? And, [00:59:50] um, somebody put makeup on my face and somebody told me what to wear. And [00:59:55] then an editor came over, looked at a still of my photo and said, she looks too young. [01:00:00] Make her look older. She looks like she she looks like she they won’t take her seriously enough. And I remember [01:00:05] thinking, in my job, no one has ever made a comment about what I look like, [01:00:10] ever. And you step into this world where what you look like matters.
Rhona Eskander: You [01:00:15] say that, but I think I have been judged since I applied for dental school. And I say that because, [01:00:20] look, I was telling I had an I had a chat with one of my friends who’s a journalist [01:00:25] yesterday, and I was like, look, I really struggle because by nature I’ve always loved colour, I’ve always [01:00:30] loved getting dressed up. And I kind of got coined by the the media as the glamorous [01:00:35] dentist. And I just think that that doesn’t necessarily have a connotation [01:00:40] of being taken seriousness. Yeah. And I think like I remember as well, I was asked [01:00:45] to do a big campaign for a big brand because I had endorsed their medical product [01:00:50] so well because I truly believed in it. Patients loved it, they loved everything I was doing. And I turned up for the photo [01:00:55] shoot and they were like, but can you, like, tone down the face? I was wearing mascara. I’m like, this is my [01:01:00] face. Like, literally, this is my face. My features are the way they are because I’m Middle Eastern and [01:01:05] I can’t tone it down. Like, even when I’m not wearing.
Philippa Kaye: Makeup, but in the NHS, no one ever said, [01:01:10] oh, you look a bit pale today. You did a night shift like, no, no, no. Yeah, I hear you.
Rhona Eskander: I [01:01:15] hear you. But there was certainly look, I went for my Bristol interview and I’ll never forget it, you know. And again [01:01:20] I think I wore a colourful suit and everything like that. And I think that they had made a comment that [01:01:25] I probably wasn’t suitable to become a dentist. And I didn’t get into the dental school, and [01:01:30] I went to my Leeds University completely dressed in the way that I wouldn’t dress. You know, I wore a really dowdy [01:01:35] black suit. I scrape my hair back and I just talked about the NHS essentially, [01:01:40] you know, and I got a place, but I knew that I was a fraud in a way, because what I presented in the interview [01:01:45] was what I knew they wanted to hear, and to a degree, perhaps in interviews and things like [01:01:50] that, you know, we need to do that. But I think throughout dental school, there was always these comments from people [01:01:55] about the way that I look or about what I was wearing and so forth. Social [01:02:00] media has given me the freedom to have expression. You know, the one thing is that I have creative [01:02:05] expression to be like, you know what? I am a bit glam, but I also know my stuff. [01:02:10] I also love my patients, and I think, you know, even the ability to show [01:02:15] empathy is something that’s challenged by colleagues. You’re amazing at it. I [01:02:20] talk about it all the time. I’m not afraid to cry on camera. You clearly aren’t either. But [01:02:25] I’ve had medical colleagues and go, but if a patient sees you like that online, they might think that [01:02:30] you’re not stable enough to treat them. And I’m like, I disagree.
Philippa Kaye: So I think that humanises you. Yeah. Patients [01:02:35] like to see the human. But as doctors, we have to be very careful of how [01:02:40] much you give. Yeah. Because if you give a little piece of yourself every [01:02:45] single consultation ten minutes apart, there is nothing [01:02:50] left for you. Yeah. So in some ways, my [01:02:55] strong lipstick is part of my armour. Yeah. Put it on. And I am doctor K, right. [01:03:00] And in some ways it does that. But I think that we would never be [01:03:05] having this conversation if we were two men. Yeah. And as soon as you [01:03:10] change the word women to men. If that feels weird. [01:03:15] No, we wouldn’t do that if we were two men. And maybe I’m generalising. There will be some. But, you [01:03:20] know, in general, then there’s a sexism issue, right? That [01:03:25] we don’t judge people in the same way. I have had patients stand [01:03:30] at my at my door when I’ve opened my door and called a name and they’ve said, oh, [01:03:35] but I wanted to see doctor K. I am doctor K. You don’t look like doctor K. [01:03:40] Oh. Professional makeup artist didn’t do it. I didn’t do my makeup this morning. And I sort [01:03:45] of say jokingly, no, that’s me. Just not on breakfast TV this morning. Oh, [01:03:50] you’re like, let’s talk about you, shall we? Yeah. People [01:03:55] feel that they that they have a right to comment. I have two boys and a girl. When [01:04:00] I had a girl straight away.
Philippa Kaye: Day one. Oh, [01:04:05] is she your princess? And my husband would say no, she’s our engineer. Mhm. And they make [01:04:10] people make comments about little girls in the way that they don’t make comments about little boys. [01:04:15] Don’t you look pretty today. Haven’t you got a nice dress on. Not. [01:04:20] Aren’t you so strong. Look at you running. Look at what your body can do for you. [01:04:25] You know all of those things. And that messaging starts so young, so young, and [01:04:30] it’s so ingrained. And it’s actually really difficult for us to fight that [01:04:35] constantly. Yeah, because it is a constant. It’s not like you can [01:04:40] just feel good about yourself today and then it’s all okay. These things are a constant battle. And then I think [01:04:45] if you add something like menopause into the mix. Yeah. Where there are changes [01:04:50] in your body and suddenly you feel the weight of society saying, [01:04:55] well, hang on, you’re supposed to give us children and look good, and now you can’t give us children, and you [01:05:00] know, you’re a bit wrinkly and your boobs are saggy. And it’s not a wonder that [01:05:05] aside from the physiological changes that are happening in your body and to your mind, [01:05:10] that society puts a whole other pressure on you. And that is one of the reasons why I find women’s health so fascinating, [01:05:15] because you can’t separate it from society and culture, and sometimes [01:05:20] religion too. So is that what drew.
Rhona Eskander: You to writing your book about menopause?
Philippa Kaye: Um, [01:05:25] so I wrote my first book about menopause came out a few years ago, and that [01:05:30] was purely born out of the need of the women that were walking through my door. And [01:05:35] that was sort of five, six years ago that I was writing it [01:05:40] and it wasn’t talked about at all. Um, and there was such a knowledge gap. [01:05:45] And, and whilst we may be better in some groups [01:05:50] at talking about it, actually, when we went up and down the country on the this morning menopause bus, [01:05:55] the question I was asked more than any other was what is the menopause? How am I going to know if I’m in it? So we think [01:06:00] that we’re writing about it and talking about it all the time, but actually often we aren’t. Um, or [01:06:05] that it’s not getting to everybody. Um, and, and so the reason [01:06:10] that I wrote this book was because not everybody wants to read like an essay based book. [01:06:15] People learn in different ways. And I wanted something that was full of pictures and infographics [01:06:20] and diagrams that made things really clear, but also [01:06:25] that menopause is not a book, is not a subject which is just for women [01:06:30] in their 40s that everybody needs to know about women’s health.
Rhona Eskander: So [01:06:35] tell me as well. So what are the hormonal changes that happens during menopause?
Philippa Kaye: Got to go back to [01:06:40] GCSE biology just a little bit for people listening. The menstrual cycle comes from your stimulated [01:06:45] by hormones in your brain tells your ovaries come on, I’d like you to mature an egg. The ovary [01:06:50] produces oestrogen and then there will be a spike in a hormone in the brain. Out [01:06:55] comes an egg, and the shell of that egg produces progesterone. [01:07:00] And the egg travels down the fallopian tube, waiting for Mr. Sperm [01:07:05] to come along and fertilise it. Implant. Be pregnant. And if you’re not, [01:07:10] if there is no sperm fertilisation doesn’t take place, then the hormone [01:07:15] levels will begin to fall and the egg and the lining of the womb will shed in your period. And [01:07:20] we start again. But you are born with all the eggs you are ever going to have. And actually, [01:07:25] actually, to me, this is one of the most gobsmacking facts ever. The egg that you were made from [01:07:30] was formed in your grandmother’s womb because the egg that you came from was [01:07:35] formed when your mother was developing in your grandmother. And that’s why if your grandmother [01:07:40] drank, it can affect you. And so you’re born with all the eggs [01:07:45] you’re ever going to have. You lose lots of them even before puberty. And although only one, sometimes [01:07:50] two eggs mature each month, you actually lose about a thousand.
Philippa Kaye: And at some point they [01:07:55] run out. And when they run out, the menstrual cycle is not going to restart again. [01:08:00] And you go through the menopause. It literally means the last period. What [01:08:05] that means is that your brain produces high levels of the hormones trying to kick [01:08:10] start it, like yelling at your ovaries, let’s go! But the levels of oestrogen and progesterone [01:08:15] fall, and that is what causes the symptoms of [01:08:20] the menopause. Now we have a medical word for the day that you started your period. That’s called menarche. Menopause [01:08:25] means the last period. We can’t tell that you’ve been through it generally until you haven’t had a bleed for for 12 [01:08:30] months. After that point, there is no such thing as one last bleed. If you bleed after not [01:08:35] having bled for 12 months, you must always go to the doctor. But, um, just [01:08:40] as starting your period was just one point during puberty, the lead up [01:08:45] to that last period has lots of changes, and it’s called the perimenopause. [01:08:50] And you can have symptoms for years before that last period and for years afterwards. [01:08:55] And those symptoms are not just related to your [01:09:00] womb. They can affect your whole body.
Rhona Eskander: And again, because people really [01:09:05] don’t talk about it. And I think I only heard of the term perimenopause, I promise you in the last like 3 or 4 [01:09:10] years, because a few people told me about that in the office. I [01:09:15] know that we also did an Instagram Live, which is, by the way, still available on my [01:09:20] profile on Instagram if anyone wants to look at it. I know a lot of people have asked this. [01:09:25] I know we’ve discussed this before. Can you delay menopause, or is there anything that makes menopause [01:09:30] onset earlier for some people than others?
Philippa Kaye: Yes. Um, so [01:09:35] if you smoke, you’re likely to go through menopause. On [01:09:40] average a couple of years earlier than people who don’t. We’re not exactly sure why, but we know that [01:09:45] smoking fills up your arteries, so maybe it fills up the blood supply to the ovaries as well. And [01:09:50] the average age of the menopause in studies is 51. But that is actually the average [01:09:55] age of Caucasian women in the Northern Hemisphere. And we know that black women are likely to go through a little bit earlier [01:10:00] than that, and that you can have symptoms for up to a decade before. Um, and [01:10:05] there is some evidence around things like legumes [01:10:10] might make a difference about oils might make a difference, but [01:10:15] actually we think it’s mostly genetic. Aside from the smoking about when you are [01:10:20] going to go through and if you have a family history of a premature or an early menopause, then [01:10:25] you’re more likely to have an early menopause yourself. If we take out your womb, even though we’ve left [01:10:30] the ovaries in, you also are likely to go through a slightly earlier menopause. But there is no [01:10:35] medicine that I have to delay when you’re going to run out of eggs. And [01:10:40] so people say, well, I’ve got the pill or I’m on the coil or whatever. [01:10:45] No, it might cover up the symptoms, but you’re going to run out of eggs when you run out of eggs. [01:10:50]
Rhona Eskander: What about stress?
Philippa Kaye: So stress can affect your [01:10:55] menstrual cycle. But that isn’t the same as affecting [01:11:00] when you’re going to go through the menopause. So I can turn off your menstrual cycle using [01:11:05] medications. That doesn’t mean that I’m saving those eggs for later. [01:11:10] And that doesn’t seem to work. Which then begs the question, okay, if you have [01:11:15] IVF and we stimulate loads of eggs in a month, does that mean you’re going to have a menopause earlier? [01:11:20] It doesn’t seem to do that. And Um, and, you know, yes, we absolutely do need more [01:11:25] research. But it comes back to the fact that about a thousand eggs have the potential to mature each month. [01:11:30] And maybe in IVF, we’re just making more of them mature. Um, than than would naturally. [01:11:35] Um, but there there is [01:11:40] definitely harm related to smoking. We also know that people who do not exercise, [01:11:45] who drink alcohol, who have obesity, are going to have worse, are more likely to have worse perimenopause [01:11:50] symptoms when they come. But I think that what we need to do is change [01:11:55] the mindset from I must delay the menopause. Well, why do you want to delay it? Well, because [01:12:00] I want to be young and I want to have good skin and I don’t want to have [01:12:05] symptoms to, well, hang on, you can have all of those things and be happy and be well [01:12:10] and be healthy after the menopause. Because on average, women in this country live about a third [01:12:15] of their lives after the menopause. And that might change to half of your life after the menopause [01:12:20] and, you know, in 100 years time. So actually, maybe we need to ask a different [01:12:25] question, which is how do I be well and healthy afterwards as opposed to trying to put it off? [01:12:30]
Rhona Eskander: Yeah, I love that. And I think that’s a really beautiful way to end it. I could talk to you about so [01:12:35] many things. I think we’re going to have to do a second episode with you, Philippa, because you are [01:12:40] so wonderful. For those listening, could you please tell them the name of the book and where they can also [01:12:45] get it?
Philippa Kaye: So the book is called The Science of Menopause. It’s published by Dorling Kindersley and you can get [01:12:50] it anywhere and everywhere online and in bookshops. And I am am [01:12:55] on social media at Doctor Philip. Okay.
Rhona Eskander: Perfect. Thank you so much. This has been so [01:13:00] lovely and thank you for your honesty and vulnerability. She’s an absolute force, so I recommend that you do follow [01:13:05] her, because I’ve gained a plethora of knowledge from just following her and, you know, had the honour [01:13:10] of also being in her presence. So thank you guys, and don’t forget to like and subscribe to my [01:13:15] YouTube as well so that you can get the long form videos. Okay, see you next time. Bye bye. [01:13:20]